Synergism reduction effectiveness

The conditions for synergism in surface tension reduction efficiency, mixed micelle formation, and Surface tension reduction effectiveness in aqueous solution have been derived mathematically together with the properties of the surfactant mixture at the point of maximum synergism. This treatment has been extended to liquid-liquid (aqueous solution/hydrocarbon) systems at low surfactant concentrations.) The effect of chemical structure and molecular environment on the value of B is demonstrated and discussed. 

Synergism in surface tension reduction effectiveness. This exists when the mixture of surfactants of its cmc reaches a lower surface tension than that obtained at the cmc of either component of the mixture by Itself. This is illustrated in Figure 5. 

Figure 5. Synergism in surface tension reduction effectiveness. (Ycmc 2 Y°cmc or Y°cmC2). (l) Pure surfactant 1 ...

III.C. Synergism or Antagonism (Negative Synergism) in Surface or Interfacial Tension Reduction Effectiveness... 

It is apparent from condition 1 that synergism in surface tension reduction effectiveness can occur only when the attractive interaction between the two surfactants in the mixed monolayer at the aqueous solution-air interface is stronger than that in the mixed micelle in the solution phase. When the attraction between... 

At the point of maximum synergism or maximum antagonism in surface or interfacial tension reduction effectiveness, the composition of the mixed interfacial layer equals the composition of the mixed micelle, i.e., X E = the mole... 

Surfactants C and D of Problem 2 individually reduce the surface tension of an aqueous 0.1 M NaCl solution to 30 dyn/cm when their respective molar concentrations are 9.1 x 10 4 and 3.98 x 10-4. The mixture of them at a = 0.181 in Problem 2 has a surface tension value of 30 dyn/cm when the total molar surfactant concentration is 3.47 x 10-4. Will a mixture of surfactants C and D exhibit synergism or antagonism in surface tension reduction effectiveness ... 

Table 3 Synergism in interfacial tension reduction effectiveness at various interfaces (22)...

In the molecule SBD, the reduction in toxicity effected by replacement of the syn-chlorine of dieldrin to give SD appears to be offset by an increase (compare BD) effected by further replacement of the vinylic chlorines, so that SBD is similar to dieldrin in toxicity In contrast, AD and ABD, which retain the syn chlorine, are poor toxicants In this series there was no appreciable synergism with the MFO inhibitor sesamex, indicating that when increased LD50s were seen, these were not the result of enhanced MFO attack consequent upon the progressive replacement of chlorine ... 

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