Swain, Robert

As suggested by Roberts and Moreland many years ago (1953), the acidity constants of 4-substituted bicyclooctane-l-carboxylic acids provide a very suitable system for defining a field/induction parameter. In this rigid system the substituent X is held firmly in place and there is little possibility for mesomeric delocalization or polarization interactions between X and COOH (or COO-). Therefore, it can be assumed that X influences the deprotonation of COOH only through space (the field effect) and through intervening o-bonds. On this basis Taft (1956, p. 595) and Swain and Lupton (1968) were able to calculate values for o and crR. 

R. M. Lynden-Bell, J. F. Nixon, J. Roberts, J. R. Swain, and W. McFarlane, Inorg. Nuclear Chem. Letters, 1971,7, 1187. 

Kuhn, Annette, 473 Lean, David R. S., 391 Leenheer, J. A., 195 Minear, Roger A., 161 Moore, Johnnie N., 451 Nanny, Mark A., 161 Peiffer, Stefan, 371 Rapaport, Robert A., 527 Sampson, Carolyn J., 121 Scully, Frank E, Jr., 391 Shafer, Martin M., 285 Shao, Chihwen, 391 Sigg, Laura, 473 Skoglund, Robert S., 559 Smol, John P., 3 Stoddard, John L., 223 Swackhamer, Deborah L., 559 Swain, Edward B., 33 Tisue, Thomas, 499 Urban, N. R., 323 Versteeg, Donald J., 527 Weeg, Els, 527 Weir, Edward P., 121... 

The work of Swain, de la Mare, and Roberts indicated that caution was necessary because of the differences in the intermediates. However, the resonance-stabilized carbonium ion (12) formed in the rate-determining step of the solvolysis offered an attractive model for the benzenium ions (13) formed in the slow step of the substitution reaction. The preliminary correlation of rate data for solvolysis of substituted phenyl-dimethylcarbinyl chlorides and aromatic substitution reactions revealed... 

Two University of Miami researchers, Michael Swain and Robert Adt Jr., converted a Toyota station wagon, lent by a Miami Toyota dealer, to run on hydrogen. Swain and Adt devised a new fuel system, dubbed HIT... 

Bartolone JB, Hite GJ, Kelly JA, Knox JR (1985) In Brown AG, Roberts SM (eds) Recent advances in the chemistry of p-lactam antibiotics, Chem Soc Special Public 52, chap 22 Lowe G, Swain S (1983) J Chem Soc Chem Commun 1279 Lowe G, Swain S (1985) J Chem Soc Perkin Trans I, 391... 

Lowe G, Swain S (1985) In Brown AG, Roberts SM (eds) Recent advances in the chemistry of... 

This review was prepared as part of the program of work of the Food Investigation Organization of the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research. The author wishes to acknowledge the help he has received from Professor T. Wallace and the staff of the Long Ashton Horticultural Research Station, and Dr. E. A. H. Roberts, Dr. E. B. Hughes, Dr. K. S. Dodds, and Dr. T. Swain. 

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