Suwannee River fulvic acid

Peat humic acid Suwannee river fulvic acid DSC, TMDSC Young and LeBoeuf (2000) 

Figure 13.9. Suwannee River fulvic acid (SRFA) and humic acid (SRHA) analyzed over the pH range of 2.75-11.5.

Sanhedron soil fulvic acid, Suwannee River fulvic acid, batch equilibrium-sorption isotherm, GC/ECD, Chiou etal. 1986) 

Sanhedron soil-Suwannee River fulvic acid, shake flask-GC, Chiou et al. 1986, 1987) 

TABLE 1, Retention of Suwannee River Fulvic Acid (Molecular Weight 1500 daltons) by Ultrafiltration Membranes of 10,000 dalton Cutoff 

Figure 10.5 Amino acid photoproduction from Suwannee River fulvic acid (30 mg L ). Chromatograms are of OPA derivatized samples before (A) and after (B) 31 h irradiation in a solar simulator. Labeled peaks increased in size after irradiation are labeled with names of amino acids having the same retention time (Tarr et al., 2001).

Antweiler R. C. (1991) The hydrolysis of Suwannee River fulvic acid. In Organic Substances and Sediments in Water Volume I. Humics and Soils (ed. R. A. Baker). Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, MI, pp. 163-177. 

Grinwalla et al.(22) examined the reaction of Suwannee River fulvic acids with chloramine using solution NMR. They report, that while chloramine itself may not form nitrogen containing moieties with Suwannee River fulvic acid, under the conditions examined, the chlorination coproduct, ammonia, most certainly does. They explain that the assertion that chloramine is a safe replacement to chlorine in the treatment of potable water supplies should be tempered, at least until the toxicity of aminated and chlorinated humic products are examined." 

TABLE III Differences in Chemical Properties of Suwannee River Fulvic Acid Sorbed onto Iron Oxide (Sorbable) and Suwannee River Fulvic Acid Remaining in Solution (Nonsorbable) 

Fig. 14 Wavelength dependence of the quantum yield for lOmg/L Suwannee River Fulvic Acid under aerobic ( ) and anaerobic ( ) conditions (from [115])

Leonardite humic acid Soil humic acid Peat humic acid Peat fulvic acid Nordic aquatic humic acid Nordic aquatic fulvic acid Suwannee river fulvic acid DSC, TMDSC Zhang and LeBoeuf (2009) DeLapp et al. (2004) 

Cabaniss S. E. and Shuman M. S. (1988a) Copper binding by dissolved organic matter I. Suwannee River fulvic acid equilibria. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 52, 185-193. 

A.C. Stenson, A.G. Marshall, W.T. Cooper, Exact masses and chemical formulas of individual Suwannee river fulvic acids from ultrahigh resolution ESI-FT-ICR-MS, Anal. Chem., 74 (2002) 4397. 

The photodegradation of 12 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in pure water, in solutions of Suwannee River fulvic acid (5 mg L-1) and in natural waters under polychromatic light (X > 290 nm) was investigated [64], 

Otto,W.H.,Burton,S. D.,Carper,W. R.,and Larive, C.K. (2001a).Examination of Cadmium(II) complexation by the Suwannee River fulvic acid using 113Cd NMR relaxation measurements. Environ. Sci. Technol. 35,4900-4904. 

Stenson, A. C., Marshall, A. G., and Cooper, W. T. (2003). Exact masses and chemical formulas of individual Suwannee River fulvic acids from ultra-high resolution electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectra. Anal. Chem. 75, 1275-1284. 

Humic substances are very refractory consequently, 14C-dating suggests long average ages, such as 30 years for Suwannee River fulvic acid, 100-500 years for soil fulvic acid, 700-1600 years for soil humic acid, and 100-2400 years for soil humin. 

Grassi, M., and Daquino, V. (2005). 113Cd NMR and fluorescence studies of multiple binding mechanisms of Cd(II) by the Suwannee River fulvic acid. Ann. Chim-Rome 95, 579-591. 

Dixon, A. M., Mai, M. A., and Larive, C. K. (1999). NMR investigation of the interactions between 4-fluoro-l-acetonaphthone and the Suwannee river fulvic acid. Environ. Sci. Technol. 33, 958-964. 

Rose and Waite [5] have developed a detailed kinetic model to describe the oxidation of Fe(II) in the presence of the well-characterised Suwannee River fulvic acid by extension of the Haber-Weiss model [91]. In this model, O2 reduces to OH by oxidation of Fe(II) (either inorganic or complexed with an organic ligand L) in a four-step process  

Lead, J. R., Wilkinson, K. J., Balnois, E., Cutak, B. J., Larive, C. K., Assemi, S., and Beckett, R. (2000). Diffusion coefficients and polydispersities of the Suwannee River Fulvic Acid Comparison of fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, pulsed-field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance, and flow field-flow fractionation. Environ. Sci. Technol. 34(16), 3508-3513. 

Dixon, A. M. and Larive, C. K. (1997). Modified pulsed-field gradient NMR experiments for improved selectivity in the measurement of diffusion coefficients in complex mixtures application to the analysis of the Suwannee River fulvic acid, Anal. Chem., 69, 2122-2128. 

Figure 12.4. FTIR and 13C-NMR spectra of WSOM isolated from the aqueous extracts of aerosol samples collected in summer (A) and autumn (B) from a rural area in Portugal [redrawn from Duarte et al. (2005)]. The spectra of the Suwannee River fulvic acid (C) are also shown for comparison.

DOSY NMR can also be used to study organic contaminants. Thus far only a few applications have been published, the best examples being Dixon et al. (1999), Simpson et al. (2002a), and Otto et al. (2003). Dixon et al. looked at the interactions between fluoro-acetonaphthone and the Suwannee River fulvic acid, Simpson et al. looked at competitive binding between a herbicide and MTBE (a petroleum additive) with NOM, and Otto et al. investigated the interactions between humic substances and surfactants. 

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