Sustainable engineering principles, design

Finally, it is worth mentioning that a successful integration of catalytic reaction steps with product separation and catalyst recovery operations will also be dependent on innovative chemical reaction engineering. This will require the widespread application of sustainable engineering principles [48].In this context process intensification , which involves the design of novel reactors of increased volumetric productivity and selectivity with the aim of integrating different unit operations to reactor design, and miniaturization will play pivotal roles [49, 50]. 

This section provides an introductory overview of some of the concepts and ideas that underlie the development of sustainable design approaches. This overview is followed by a discussion of cradle-to-cradle design, a lifecycle-based approach to material assessment and product design, and a brief discourse on the emerging principles of sustainable engineering. These correspond to some of the emerging... 

However, it could also be argued that CDIO is already fundamentally aligned with the ideas of sustainability engineers are said to conceive, design, implement and operate complex technical systems with the entire product/process/system lifecycle in mind. Moreover, sustainability is a complex concept It includes three main dimensions economic, environmental, and social sustainability, including both subject matter and judgmental aspects, such as, ethics and decision-making [14]. There are many places in the CDIO Syllabus that emphasize the lifecycle perspective, for example, requirements should cover aU phases of the lifecycle analyses should be made of lifecycle values and costs and product retirement should be planned ahead. With this broader perspective in mind, links between sustainability principles and CDIO Syllabus topics can be identified [15]. 

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