Survey on complementary spectroscopic methods

In the first instance UV-VIS and Raman spectroscopy are the traditional complementary methods yielding additional support to IR spectroscopic studies. Besides its application in exploring the coordination sphere of transition metal-loaded zeolites [3] and the interaction of zeolites with SO2 [136], UV-VIS spectroscopy has been successfully applied to the detection of carbenium ions formed during the reaction of hydrocarbons on the zeolite surface (see e.g. [135,137,138] and the references cited therein). 

Raman spectroscopy has suffered for a long time from the phenomenon of fluorescence which interferes with the observed bands. The advent of FT-Raman spectroscopy will hopefully overcome this drawback so that this method will become a successfully cooperating partner to the infrared technique. 

Recently X-ray photoelectron methods such as EXAFS, XANES and DEXAFS have been applied together with IR spectroscopy to zeolites, giving information on the oxidation state of the cations, the coordination sphere and its dimensions as well as the changes of both during reactions in time-resolved experiments [113,139,140]. 

Little, Infrared Spectra of Adsorbed Species, Academic Press, London, (1966). 

Infrared Spectroscopy in Surface Chemistry, Dekker, New York, (1967). 

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