Survey of regioregular syntheses

Reprinted with permission from the American Chemical Society (1 990, 1 994 and 1 998) and Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH (1 995 and 2001). For individual citations, please see the references listed at the end of this chapter. 

A third, non-catalytic approach to regioregular polythiophenes relies on the discovery by Andersson and co-workers that the oxidation of some monomers can be controlled giving high coupling selectivities. For example, phenyl-substituted thiophene monomers can be regiospecifically polymerized by a slow addition of FeCH that maintains a low concentration of radical throughout the reaction. Yields approaching 80 % 

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