Surfactants in aqueous hydroformylation

The use of surfactants in hydrogenation and hydroformylation immediately followed the practical implementation of the original idea of aqueous biphasic catalysis [57, 118]. Not only the effect of well-known tenzides (SDS, CTAB, etc.) was studied, but new amphiphilic phosphine 

The studies listed in Table 4.5 illustrate the practical realization of the above principles. Not surprisingly, research into the use of surfactants is directed mainly to the hydroformylation of higher olefins, which show negligibly small solubility in water. Four main approaches are clearly distinguishable (but not always separable)  

synthesis and application of surfactant phosphines which can be used as ligands in rhodium-catalyzed hydroformylation, 

application of inorganic salts in order to influence micelle formation and hence the catalytic reaction, 

application of various surfactants in combination with rhodium-phosphine complexes which themselves do not possess obvious micelle forming properties, and 

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