Surfactants HLB

The optimum surfactant hydrophi1ic 1ipophi1ic balance (HLB) for wash deinking is dependent on ink composition. Surfactants with a HLB of about 14.5 provide the highest deinked newsprint brightness (24). The optimum deinking surfactant HLB for ledger inks is 13—14, whereas that for toner inks is 10-11 (25). 

Asphalts and waxes can be removed by dissolving in hot naphtha for 3 to 4 hours. The naphtha benefits from the addition of 0.1% of a water-soluble surfactant (HLB value of 15-20, such as polyethylene glycol 600 monolaurate) and 0.1% of an oil-soluble surfactant (HLB value of 0-5, such as propylene glycol monstearate). The solution must be circulated fill-and-soak methods are unsatisfactory. 

The target HLB can be obtained by using a mixture of anionic surfactant (HLB = 9.4) and nonionic surfactant HLB = 16.7) in the right proportions (1 3.75 based on the formula in Table 3). Such mixing of anionic and nonionic surfactants is expected to lower the individual CMC s and thus an increase of the soil solubilization capacity. The surfactants in the product should be in spherical micelle phase to give a transparent/translucent appearance and small viscosity (Table 6). 

A variety of nonpolar to moderately polar solvents has been evaluated for their ability to form stable CLAs (Table 15.2) [68]. As can be seen, as the solvent becomes more polar the aphron size increases and it becomes more unstable. Hence, the influence of the surfactant HLB number was evaluated using a moderately polar solvent, -pentanol [68]. This demonstrated that if the HLB number of the surfactant is high enough, then it is possible to formulate stable CLAs. 

Hayes M, El-Emary M, Schechter RS, Wade WH (1979) The Relation between the EACNmin concept and Surfactant HLB. J Colloid Interface Sci 68(3) 591-592... 

Di ssolve, mi x wel1 Na Metasilicate Pentahydrate Dissolve, mix well Nonionic Surfactant-HLB 13 Add, mix well Tomah Alkali Surfactant Add, mix until clear SpG 20/20F 1.10 pH 10.40... 

Nonionic Surfactant-HLB 13 Add with mixing SpG 20/20F 1.03 pH 12.95 Recommended Dilutions 10-20 1 Applications Industrial Formula LV-102 2.00... 

Add with mixing Nonionic Surfactant-HLB 13 Add with mixing... 

Predissolve in water to make stock sol n Nonionic Surfactant-HLB 13 4.00... 

Ethylene glycol butyl ether Mix well, until clear Nonionic Surfactant-HLB 13 Mix well, until clear Tomah Q-17-2... 

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