Surfactant adsorption bilayer membranes

The adsorption monolayers at fluid interfaces and the bilayers of amphiphilic molecules in solution (lipid membranes, surfactant lamellas) are involved in a thermal fluctuation wave motion. The configurational confinement of such thermally excited modes within the narrow space between two approaching interfaces gives rise to short-range repulsive surface forces, which are briefly presented below. 

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