Surface, Supported, and Cooperative Catalysis

Organometallic complexes can be supported in a variety of ways to give heterogenized catalysts that are more readily separable from the soluble 

If a reaction is catalyzed by a proton add, a metal-catalyzed version may also be possible. Such is the case for addition of alcohols or carboxylic acids to alkenes and alkynes catalyzed by silver salts such as AgOTf. In hidden acid catalysis, the metal may liberate free protons that are the true catalyst. Careful control experiments are needed to test this possibility. 

Steinborn, Fundamentals of Organometailic Catalysis, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2012 B. Cornils, ed., Multiphase Homogeneous Catalysis,Wiley-VCH, Chichester, 2005 (b) B. Heaton, ed., Mechanisms in Homogeneous Catalysis A Spectroscopic Approach, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2005. (c) P. W. N. M. van Leeuwen, Homogeneous Catalysis Understanding the Art, Kluwer, Dordrecht, 2004. 

Castellanos-Bianco, M. Flores-Alamo, and J. J. Garcia, Organometallics, 

Cook and W. W. Cleland, Enzyme Kinetics and Mechanism, Garland Science, New York, 2007 

---