Surface structure of Pt catalysts

The size control is essential because by decreasing the particle diameter, a higher percentage of surface atoms are exposed, and thus Pt utilization increases. In this sense, there is huge debate about particle size and catal 4ic activity (Maillard et al, 2009), in which maximum catal3hic activities are found for diameters in the range of 2-5 nm (Sun et al., 2007). A decrease in the particle size leads to an increment of low-coordinated atoms as well as that of the oxophilic character of 

Other important synthesis techniques are dealloying and decoration (Kloke et a/., 2011 Peng and Yang, 2009). The latter is of great magnitude for the reason that nearly all platinum atoms contribute to the catalytic activity and, consequently, the catalyst cost is greatly reduced. This sinthesis can be done onto porous, smooth, nonconductive or conductive material with a thickness ranging from a sub-monolayer to a few monolayers. In this sense, different catalytic activities with enhanced stabilities are observed since atoms of the adlayer have different interatomic 

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