Trypanosoma brucei suramin

African sleeping sickness Trypanosoma brucei-gambknse, T.b. rhodesiense Suramine, pentamidine, DFMO (for early stage) and tryparsamide, Mel B, Mel W, melarsen sodium, nitrofura-zone (for late stage of the disease with CNS involvement). 

Misset, O. and Opperdoes, F. R. (1987) The phosphoglycerate kinases from Trypanosoma brucei a comparison of the glycosomal and cytosolic isoenzymes and their sensitivity towards suramin. Eur. J. Biochem. 162 493-500. 

Suramin is the drug of choice for the early hemolymphatic stage of both Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense infections before nervous system invasion occurs [17 ]. The dose is 15-20 mg/kg/week, given intravenously, up to a maximum single dose of 1 g. Suramin, which is excreted by the kidneys, binds to plasma proteins and can persist in the circulation in low concentrations for as long as 3 months. A single course for an adult is usually 5 g, never to exceed 7 g. The primary adverse reactions are fever, rash, conjunctivitis, renal insufficiency, abdominal pain, paresthesia, and muscle pain. 

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