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Supercooling crystallization from water vapor

Supercooled (metastable) water vapor commonly occurs in the atmosphere if dust particles are not present to begin condensation to the liquid. Sometimes small particles, such as tiny crystals of silver iodide, are released from airplanes in an attempt to begin condensation. This process is called cloud seeding. At a certain location, water vapor at 25°C has a metastable partial pressure of 32.0 torr. The equilibrium value at this temperature is 23.756 torr. Consider the air that is present to be the surroundings, and assume it to remain at equilibrium at 25°C. A tiny particle is added to begin condensation. Calculate AS, A//, and ASgurr per mole of water that condenses. State any assumptions. [Pg.148]

Figure 8. Left panel phase diagram of ice T> T (P)) and transition lines corresponding to the ice Ih-to-HDA, LDA-to-HDA, and HDA-to-LDA transformations T Figure 8. Left panel phase diagram of ice T> T (P)) and transition lines corresponding to the ice Ih-to-HDA, LDA-to-HDA, and HDA-to-LDA transformations T<T P)) as obtained in experiments. The thick line is the crystallization temperature 7x (P) above which amorphous ice crystallizes. Open circles indicate pressure-induced transitions temperature-induced transitions are indicated by arrows. For pressure-induced transitions, a large hysteresis is found both for the LDA-HDA and crystal-crystal transitions. The ice Ih-to-HDA transition line as well as the estimated LDA-HDA coexistence line from Ref. [74] is included. Adapted from Ref. [64]. Right panel phase diagram proposed to explain water liquid anomalies and the existence of LDA and HDA. A first-order transition line (F) extends above the 7x P) line and ends in a second critical point (O ). The second critical point is located m the supercooled region, below the homogeneous nucleation temperature T] F). LDL and HDL are the liquid phases associated with LDA and HDA, respectively. The LDA-to-HDA and HDA-to-LDA spinodal lines are indicated by H and L, respectively. C is the liquid-vapor critical point and is located at the end of the liquid-vapor first-order transition line (G). From Ref. [60].
See other pages where Supercooling crystallization from water vapor is mentioned: [Pg.347]    [Pg.105]    [Pg.11]    [Pg.18]    [Pg.105]    [Pg.381]    [Pg.164]    [Pg.87]    [Pg.93]    [Pg.216]    [Pg.56]    [Pg.61]    [Pg.30]    [Pg.89]    [Pg.69]    [Pg.255]    [Pg.31]    [Pg.285]    [Pg.643]    [Pg.124]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.3885 ]



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