Summary of Defect Types

The summary of the various defect types shown in Fig. 5.86 is developed next, based on the size of the defects. The table is based on the knowledge derived earlier from crystals of small and rigid macromolecules. Many of these defects, although present in crystals of flexible macromolecules, are of little use, or in need of modification before they can be applied to the description of polymeric materials. 

Amorphous Defects are Three-dimensional Defects, Typical for Macromolecules 

Typically the glass transition temperature is increased or broadened. Typical sizes are 1 to 5 nm, so that the disordered phase may also be called a nanophase. 

One-dimensional or hne-defects are added to the list of defects in Fig. 5.86. They are commonly known as dislocations and are prominently involved in deformation mechanisms of metals and salts. In polymers, they have a more restricted function. 

Two-dimensional Defects are Connected with External or Internal Surfaces 

---