Sulfonating Agents and Derivatives Based on Sulfuric Acid

Sulfuric acid is called the king of chemicals. The first step to produce a useful product is sulfonation. Since the direct use of sulfuric acid is not feasible in all applications, the following auxiliary agents do play an important role. These are  

Outotec from Gemnany are suppliers of technology for large size (5,000 tonnes per day (TPD)) sulfuric acid plants and have innovated processes for sulfonation. See Appendix. Outotec have developed the Hero process which should also be considered for sulfonations. 

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Sulfonating Agents and Derivatives Based on Sulfuric Acid... 

Sulfur has been used in linkers such as thioethers, sulfoxides, sulfones, sulfonic acids and their corresponding derivatives. A safety-catch linker for amines is based on 2-(thiobenzyl)ethylcarbamates [44]. Linkage is performed with preformed handles containing ethenyloxycarbonyl-protected amines 37. Attachment to thiomethyl-ated polystyrene 38 is performed under conditions involving radicals. Cleavage was performed with an oxidizing agent, which forms the retro Michael substrate (Scheme 6.1.11). 

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