Substitution Reactions of Noncarbene Ligands

These reactions, like most substitution reactions, proceed readily. In 18e complexes, dissociation of a ligand usually occurs thus, the substitution proceeds according to an Sjvl mechanism. These reactions are therefore sources of information concerning coor-dinately unsaturated carbene complexes. In carbene complexes of chromium, the dis- 

Substitution reactions involving noncarbene ligands also occur for many other complexes. 

Carbene complexes possessing metal atoms in low oxidation states undergo oxidative addition reactions  

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