Subsoil water

This is an average value of metal erosion during the length of service and may vary with soil conditions. In coastal areas, for instance, where the subsoil water is saline, erosion of metal would be much more rapid and a further safety factor must be considered. Field experience will be a better guide to assess this. 

Grass roots can grow and absorb water down to 1 m, or deeper if soil structure is good, although subsoil water is usually poorer in nutrients than topsoil water (Frame, 1992). Transpiration is highest... 

Elliott El.A., Liberat M.R., Eluang C.F. Effect of iron oxide removal on heavy metal sorption by acid subsoils. Water Air Soil Pollut 1986 27 379-389. 

Peryea, F.J. and Kammereck, R. (1997) Phosphate-enhanced movement of arsenic out of lead arsenate-contaminated topsoil and through uncontaminated subsoil. Water Air and Soil Pollution, 93(1-4), 243-54. 

The high stress-strain characteristics and universal chemical resistance of concrete based on liquid rubber make possible to apply it in various chemically aggressive environments (subsoil waters, solutions of inorganic and mineral acids,... 

The third essential medium in the environment, the soil, forms the border area between hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. The growth and prosperity of plants is essentially influenced by the quality of the soil. Organic substances (plants) are formed from water (rain and subsoil water) and the nutrients in the soil. As a consequence of microbial decomposition... 

The degradation of harmful substances in the soil can be effected by chemical decomposition, absorption and chemical precipitation, absorption through plants, or by dissolution in the subsoil water. 

Natural waters almost always contain some fluoride, the concentration depending on the fluoride-containing minerals with which the water is in contact. Most fluoride-containing minerals are only sparingly soluble in water so that, except in unusual circumstances, surface waters have levels of less than 1 mg per litre and sometimes contain less than 0 1 mg per litre. Underground or subsoil waters, which have greater contact with fluoride-bearing minerals, may... 

Pretreatment Filtration of the subsoil water predominantly sand as filtering medium, in pressure and gravity filters. 

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