Subparticle simulations

These subparticle simulations also allow in-depth understanding of the applicability of their closure laws for higher scale simulations. For example, Ma et al. (2009) found that the typical "drafting-kissing-... 

Subparticle/particle scale To develop more general theories and models to better describe the heat transfer within a particle, and between a particle and fluid by various simulation techniques to overcome the existing Hmitations such as the need for Biot number smaller than 0.1 or the use of representative properties of a particle, generating a more concrete basis for particle scale simulation of coupled flow and heat transfer systems. 

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