SUBJECTS electrometer

In later life Ostwald became increasingly interested in Naturphilosophie based on his ideas of energy he published books on this subject and founded a journal in 1901. A second edition of his Lehrbuch der allgemeinen Chemie, which began to appear in 1891, was never completed. I saw him only once, at a lecture on Naturphilosophie in Berlin in 1912. He disliked complicated or expensive apparatus, such as is supplied by commercial instrument makers, and made most of his apparatus himself. The calomel electrode, the capillary electrometer, and the simple slide-wire bridge, sufficed him, and many other research workers, for much discovery. His electrochemical work is considered in later chapters. 

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