Structure, primary supermolecular

Figure 7 Tanplates for the structures of supermolecular liquid crystals showing the potential to have polydispCTsed and discrete primary structures.

An important concept in the creation of some of these structures is that a primary driving force is the solute-solvent immiscibilities (energy enthalphic). Thus, the magnitude of the cohesive energy of the solute may be a secondary factor in determining these supermolecular or supramolecular structures for such systems. 

The solution behavior of polymers has been intensively investigated in the past. Dilute solutions, where polymer-polymer interactions may be excluded, have become the basis for the characterization of the primary structure of macromolecules and their dimensions in solution. Besides this "classical" aspect of macromolecular science, interest has focussed on systems, where - due to strong polymer/polymer interactions - association of polymers causes supermolecular structures in homogeneous thermo-dynamically-stable isotropic and anisotropic solutions or in phase-separated multi-component systems. The association of polymers in solutions gives rise to unconventional properties, yielding new aspects for applications and multiple theoretical aspects. 

Secondly, polymers are known to possess multilevel structures (molecular, topological, supermolecular, and floccular or block levels), the elements of which are interconnected [43, 44]. In addition, an external action on a polymer can induce the formation of new (secondary) structural elements — cracks, fractured surfaces, plastic flow regions, etc. These primary and secondary structural elements as well as the processes forming them are characterised by miscellaneous parameters therefore, only empirical correlations have been obtained, at best, between these parameters. If each of the above-mentioned elements (processes) is described by a standard parameter, for example, fractal dimension, one can derive analytical equations relating them to one another and containing no adjustable parameters. This is very significant for the computer synthesis of structure and for the prediction of properties and behaviour of polymeric materials during performance. Note that fractal analysis has been used successfully to describe the phenomena of rubber elasticity [16, 45, 46] and fluidity [25, 47-49]. 

To characterize the supermolecular structure of cellulose, the primary structural parameters (type of crystalline allomorph, crystallinity, paracrystallinity and amorphicity, and orientation of nanofibrils, nanocrystallites, and nanoscale non-crystalline domains, as well as porosity of cellulose) should be determined. These structural parameters can affect physicochemical, chemical, biochemical, physical and mechanical properties of cellulose materials. 

The primary structural parameters such as crystallinity, paracrystallinity, amorphicity, MFA, specific surface and porosity should be determined to characterize the supermolecular structure of cellulose. These structural parameters affect various physical, physicochemical, chemical and biochemical properties of cellulose materials. 

---