Strong ferromagnetism

The magnetic data of the polymeric complex at low temperature (T < 20 K) yield much higher values than those calculated using Eq. 1 and show strong ferromagnetic interactions. The magnetic behavior of the complex is different from those of discrete Cu-Ln complexes, which normally show antiferromagnetic interactions [81-85],... 

In order to find the Green s function g, we consider the diffusive case when the Usadel equation is applicable. This equation can be used provided the condition Jr momentum relaxation time). Of course, this condition can hardly be satisfied for strong ferromagnets like Fe and in this case one should use a more general Eilenberger equation for a quantitative... 

It is worthy of note that EW products have very strong ferromagnetic properties in a number of cases. Dependence of magnetization versus temperature corresponding to the separated magnetic fraction of EW products is represented in Fig. 4. The magnetization curve is typical to those of ferromagnetics. 

For the approximate, uniform density of states 10/lTj, the formation of a moment becomes an all-or-nothing proposition, called strong ferromagnetism. Clearly if the density of states were nonuniform, the energy might be minimized for an intermediate shift of the bands, called weak ferromagnetism. We shall. see that both occur. 

Star-branched tetraradicals 33-35 possess S — 2 ground states, with relatively strong ferromagnetic couplings, as determined by EPR spectroscopy and magnetization studies (Fig. 21).61,87 EPR spectra for sterically hindered tetraradicals were... 

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