Strong coupling definition

From the point of view of statistical mechanics there are many problems, such as strongly anharmonic lattices, to which the theory can be applied.14 It appears as a natural generalization of Landau s theory of quasi-particles in the case when dissipation can no longer be neglected. The most interesting feature is that equilibrium and nonequilibrium properties appear linked. The very definition of the strongly coupled anharmonic phonons depends on their lifetime. 

Because the nuclear reactor and hydrogen generation plant are so strongly coupled via the IHX, any event that occurs on one side of the loop will by definition effect the other side of the loop. By coupling two independently validated models of a high temperature nuclear reactor and a S-I/HyS... 

The definition of components for linear macromolecules is somewhat complicated. One must distinguish between processes that occur with parts of molecules, i.e., strongly coupled components which must keep their positions within the molecule (as in copolymers, see Sect. 3.4), and processes with whole molecules, i.e., where there exist only weakly bound components that can easily segregate. More details about multi-component systems are given in Chap. 7. 

Here, e and refer to the electron number density and electron Debye length, respectively. The meaning of the plasma parameter is clear if it is large, then the Debye sphere is heavily populated (this is the case of the weakly coupled plasma), whereas if it is small, then the Debye sphere is only sparsely poptilated and the plasma is strongly coupled. Some authors define the plasma parameter as 1/3 of the value in O Eq. (6.12). In this case, the plasma parameter is exactly the number of particles inside the Debye sphere, whereas in the definition given by O Eq. (6.12), it is only proportional to it. The plasma parameter is defined for the electrons only. One could, in principle, define a plasma parameter for the ions also, but that is not common. 

Fig. 9.15 shows four ENDOR spectra as detected via the ESR transitions (a), (b), (c), and (d), respectively. Four protons i = 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, are clearly separated from the free proton frequency vp. In the vicinity of vp a large number of weakly coupled protons are visible. They also have been resolved by expansion of the NMR frequency scale. For a few strongly coupled protons we are able to detect all five NMR transitions (1) to (5). This is a further and definite proof that we do observe quintet states. 

Fig. 13 Definition of labels for transitions in a rotational band. On the left we show the case for a single rotational band, e.g., the ground state rotational band in an even-even nucleus. Two stretched electric quadrupole ( 2) transitions populate and depopulate the band member with angular momentum J. The transition energies Ey and the level energies E J) are indicated. On the right hand side we show the more frequent case of two strongly coupled bands. Stretched 2 transitions connect the members of each band, while the bands are connected by interband transitions of mixed Ml / 2 character. The branching ratios between the mixed interband transitions and the stretched intraband 2 transitions are sensitive to the g-factor of the band-head configuration...

This problem has been solved in many different ways by different authors. Anyway, it is possible to find a common trend. In fact, almost all the solutions proposed, or at least the most effective ones, start from a partition of the polarization vector (often of the same type as that shown in equation 47) into components related to different motions and consequently with different response times, isolate the slowest one (or ones) and associate it with the degree of equilibrium the solvent can reach at each time, or equivalently at each point of the trajectory described by the solute reacting system. From this analysis it is easy to derive a general definition of the solvent coordinates as independent variables that describe the degree of deviation of the solvent polarization from equilibrium. The problem is then shifted to selecting from all the possible polarizations those which are strongly coupled to the solute dynamics. 

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