Strain amplification concept

The concept of strain amplification has been around for many years. When a compound is deformed, the matrix must bear a strain larger than that imposed by the macroscopic deformation, because carbon black does not deform. However, establishing a rigorous theory of strain amplification is almost impossible [16] because the microscopic deformation is very different from the macroscopic one. For example, when the macroscopic deformation is elongation, the microscopic deformation includes shear as well as rotation and the spatial rearrangement of fillers. Use of the elongation-equivalent... 

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