Stille reactions polythiophenes

Grignard coupling is also an important route to polythiophenes. Polymers produced by this method often show lower conductivity than those obtained by other methods. This technique is still important for the preparation of polymers with a well-defined structure, since no migration of substituents takes place during the coupling reaction. 

A calix[4]arene-based polythiophene was also prepared by the Stille coupling reaction (256). 

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