Stiffening porous

Figure C shows an electron photomicrograph of a broken planar SOFC. The thick portion on the left is the porous anode structure. This is an anode-supported cell, meaning that in addition to collecting current and supporting the anode reaction, the anode layer stiffens the whole cell. The layer on the right is the cathode, and the interface between the two is the thin electrolyte. One of the challenges of this design is to ensure that the rates of expansion of the cathode and the anode match. If the anode expands faster than the cathode, the planar cell tends to curl like a potato chip when the temperature changes.

In the above cell, the two HCI solutions are in electrolytic contact, but are prevented from mechanical mixing. In general, this is done by means of a porous diaphragm or by stiffening... 

The sound pressure levels are given in Fig. 5 for an acoustic enclosure with small amount of absorption at the walls (Za — oo), and for the case where the walls are treated with porous materials for which the point impedance is given in equations (36)-(38). For this case, inputs to the stiffened panel are four point forces acting on the two intermediate stringers. The spectral densities of those four forces are assumed to be the same and equal to 0.S4 jHz over the frequency range 0... 

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