Stem-and-leaf diagram

The stem and leaf diagram of Fig. 5.3 and the dot plot of Fig. 5.4 carry shape information about the distribution of aluminum contents in a manner very similar to the histogram of Fig. 5.2. But the stem and leaf and dot diagrams do so without losing the exact identities of the individual data points. The box plot of Fig. 5.5 represents the middle half of the data with a box divided at the 50th percentile (or in statistical jargon, the median) of the data, and then uses so-called whiskers to indicate how far the most extreme data points are from the middle half of the data. 

Stem-and-Leaf Diagram n An alternate name for stemplot. 

In contrast to DNA, RNAs do not form extended double helices. In RNAs, the base pairs (see p.84) usually only extend over a few residues. For this reason, substructures often arise that have a finger shape or clover-leaf shape in two-dimensional representations. In these, the paired stem regions are linked by loops. Large RNAs such as ribosomal 16S-rRNA (center) contain numerous stem and loop regions of this type. These sections are again folded three-dimensionally—i.e., like proteins, RNAs have a tertiary structure (see p.86). However, tertiary structures are only known of small RNAs, mainly tRNAs. The diagrams in Fig. B and on p.86 show that the clover-leaf structure is not recognizable in a three-dimensional representation. 

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