Steel sleeve test

When large quantities of a substance are handled, sensitivity of the material to heating under confinement may need to be considered to demonstrate the effect on the stored/handled, and probably confined, substance in the event of an external heat load. Tests such as the steel sleeve test or Koenen test [24, 137], the Dutch pressure vessel test (DPVT) [143], and the United States pressure vessel test (US-PVT) [143] may be applicable. These tests are used mostly for transportation considerations. The tests generally subject the sample substances to very high energy inputs under confined conditions, and thus are more severe than the deflagration and autoclave tests previously discussed in Section 2.3.3.2. As an example, the Koenen test, used mainly in Europe, is illustrated in Figure 2.32. 

Stahlhulsentest of steel sleeve test I essai en douille d acier... 

In response to a suggestion made by Koenen (Bundesanstalt fur Materialprufung, Berlin, Germany), these tests, which are carried out with the purpose of evaluating the safety during transport, were improved as described below the method is known as the steel sleeve test (Koenen test). 

Fig. 6.6 Results of steel sleeve tests for a new explosive with 8 and 10 mm holes in the nozzle plate.

At this point it should be pointed out, that BTAT has the same CHNO composition as CL-20, but it is significantly less sensitive than the energetic e modification of CL-20. Figure 9.23 shows a photo of a steel-sleeve test (Koenen test) performed using BTAT with a critical diameter of 10 mm (see Ch. 6.1). 

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