Staphylococcus aureus

Specific bacteriostatic activity against Escherichia coli (681, 896, 899), Staphylococcus aureus (681, 896), Cocci (900), Shigella dysenteriae (681), Salmonella ryphi (681), Proteus vulgaris (681), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (681), Streptococcus (889, 901, 902) and Pneumococcus (901-904). 

This can be a dangerous procedure due to the potential growth of food poisoning bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus (31). This method of inoculation requites a very strict condition to assure the absence of not only bacteria associated with a health hazard but also those associated with product failure (proteolytic, greening, and gas-forming microorganisms). 

Proper refrigeration prevents the growth of some microorganisms, such as Salmonella and the production of toxins, such as Staphylococcus aureus. The growth of bacteria Tscherichia coli and Bacillus cereus is substantially checked by proper cooling and handling of milk. Table 14 Hsts diseases transmitted by cows to humans. Pasteurization is the best means of prevention. 

Tolypomycin Y (48) shows strong antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria and Neisseriagonorrheae. When adininistered by subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, and intravenous routes, tolypomycin Y is effective in mice infected with Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcuspyrogenes and Diplococcuspneumoniae. Cross-resistance is observed with rifampicia but not with other antibiotics. Resistance to tolypomycin Y develops rapidly. The bioactivity of tolypomycin R... 

Staphylococcus (MRSA) = methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. 

Cross-resistance between lincomycin and clindamycin is complete (64), and co-resistances of lincomycin also apply to clindamycin. However, the inactivation of clindamycin by clinical isolates of Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Staphylococcus aureus is caused by adenylylation at the 4-position to form clindamycin 4-(5 -adenylate) [29752-38-3] (7) in contrast to the lincomycin 3-(5 -adenylate) [117785-83-8] (8) that forms (26). 

All of these derivatives protect mice infected with Staphylococcus aureus, however, presumably because of bio transformation into clindamycin (71—73). 

Staphylococcus aureus infections (159). Triphenylbismuth dichloride [594-30-9], C2gH25BiCl2, is active agaiast bean mst (160). Triarylbismuth dihaUdes have been used as catalysts for the carbonation of epoxides to form cycHc carbonates (161). 

Alcohols, particularly ethanol [64-17-5] and 2-propanol [67-63-9] are important disinfectants and antiseptics. In the aUphatic series of straight-chain alcohols, the antimicrobial activity increases with increasing molecular weight up to a maximum, depending on the organism tested. For Staphylococcus aureus the maximum activity occurs using amyl alcohol [71-41-0], for Salmonella typhosa, octyl alcohol [111-87-5], CgH gO (43) ioT Mycobacterium tuberculosis... 

Sudol uses fractions of coal tar rich in xylenols and ethylphenols. It is much more active and less corrosive than lysol, and remains more active in the presence of organic matter. The phenol coefficients of sudol against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are 6.3, 6, and 4, respectively. It also is slowly sporicidal (97). 

Whereas these preparations do not possess the high bacteriostatic activity of quaternary ammonium germicides, they have the alternate advantage of being rapidly functional in acid solution. In comparative experiments of several different disinfectants, the acid—anionic killed bacteria at lower concentration than five other disinfectants. Only sodium hypochlorite and an iodine product were effective at higher dilution than the acid—anionic. By the AO AC use dilution test, the acid—anionic killed Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 225 ppm. Salmonella choleraesuis at 175 ppm, and Staphylococcus aureus at 325 ppm (172). 

Streptococcus pyogenes Streptococcusfaecalis and Staphylococcus aureus show a markedly greater susceptibihty to its action than Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (205). Thiram has been used ia disiafectant soaps. 

Echinomycin (131) has been shown to be an antitumor agent and to have antiviral and antibacterial properties. Its structure elucidation represents a triumph for and mass spectral studies (75JA2497). It has been demonstrated that echinomycin functions by inhibiting RNA synthesis in organisms such as Staphylococcus aureus. Echinomycin, levomycin and actinoleutin are members of the quinoxaline-peptide antibiotic family and all contain one or more quinoxaline rings (67MI21402). 

Tricyclic pyrazole derivatives (698) are described by Hashem et al. as inhibitors of the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Staphylococcus aureus and KB cells at moderate concentrations (76JMC229). 

Susceptible Gram-positive organisms such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and /3-lactamase-negative Staphylococcus aureus. 

Deisenhofer, J. Crystallographic refinement and atomic models of a human Fc fragment and its complex with fragment B of protein A from Staphylococcus aureus at 2.9 and 2.8 A resolution. Biochemistry 20 2361-2369, 1981. 

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