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It is now possible to introduce a second parameter E which measures the cross-link efficiency after treatment with the triphenyl phosphine. On the assumption that treatment causes all cross-links to become monosulphidic the term (E -l) provides a measure of the combined sulphur not in cross-links , e.g. in pendent groups or in intra-chain cyclic sulphides. If the reaction does not proceed beyond the disulphide stage then this measure is given by (E - 2). Whilst it is tempting to use E - (E - 1 or 2) as a measure of the average value of the number of sulphur atoms in a cross-link, Jc, there is a possible error due to the removal of sulphur from cyclic sulphides and pendent sulphides by the triphenyl phosphine. 

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