Stage Sprayer

Using air-assistance on field sprayers changes the deposition pattern within the potato crop canopy. Penetration of the spray into the canopy is increased and by using air-assistance more spray is deposited at the middle and lower levels (Figure 3.5). At early and late growth stages (A and C) deposition in the crop using air-assistance is about 6-10% lower than with conventional techniques. With a fully mature canopy (B), the use of air assistance increases spray... 

There appeared to be little. If any, dermal exposure measured under normal application conditions when low pressure low boom sprsqrers (LPLB) were used on open tractors likewise for our measurements of a similar truck-mounted device In which the subject applicators worked In a cab with the windows down. In situations where the subjects were required to dismount In the field to clear nozzles or move booms or obstacles, the leg patches Invariably received material from the newly treated foliage. Chest patches were occasionally contaminated at this stage also. Both truck and tractor mounted sprayers showed similar exposure patterns for applicators. 

Schematics of a DESI experiment and a prototype source are shown in Figures 2.22 and 2.23, respectively. The ion source consists of a sprayer assembly and a surface assembly. The former is a pneumatically assisted microelectrospray source that is a part of a vertical rotating stage and a three-dimensional linear moving stage. The surface assembly is mounted on a separate three-dimensional moving stage. For high-throughput applications, the surface assembly can be replaced by a moving belt system.

Figure 2.23. Schematic of a prototype DESI ion source A, surface holder block B, sprayer C, three-dimensional moving stage for surface assembly D, three-dimensional moving stage for sprayer alignment E, rotating stage for sprayer F, mass spectrometer inlet. (Reproduced from ref. 91 by permission of Wiley-Interscience, copyright 2005.)...

Sprayers were installed in the first stage of the bubbler to increase the coefficient of flue-gases cleaning. 

Note In principle, any mass spectrometer equipped with an ESI source can be modified for DESI operation by mounting the sprayer on an adjustable frame and placing ajc,y-movable sample stage between sprayer and entrance of the interface (Chap. 13.1.3) [15]. For safety, a GQ-resistor should be welded in the high-voltage supply cord. However, for successful analytical application, only sensitive modem instruments are suitable. 

Treatment In the preemergence application, the diluted solution of each test compound was applied into pots before the emergence of seedlings. In the postemergence application, the solution of the test compound was applied to the foliage of plants grown at the 2-3 leaves stage with a sprayer at the test rate with a spray volume of 1,000 L/ha. All treatments were replicated three times. 

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