Stacking angle

The requirement for applying PD is that the system should be a linear time invariant system. This is the case in the area where both the reclaiming and the stacking angles are constant. This part is indicated by const in Fig. 5. The top and bottom cones are indicated by top and bottom respectively. This notation is also used in the following tables. 

In contrast with the co-cured single lap joint, tensile load bearing capacity of the co-cured double lap joint decreases as the stacking angle of the composite adherend increases. Sint e the co-cured double lap joint has symmetrical configuration, it is important to consider the out-ofplane shear stress rather than the out-of-plane peel stress in designing the joint. 

Previously, a zigzag-type reaction mechanism was proposed for the diacetylene polymerization [55] and the step-wise [2 + 2] photopolymerization of diolefin compounds [80], which have a large stacking angle (i.e., a small tilt angle) in the columnar structure of the monomers. However, we can conclude that the polymerization of the muconates proceeds via a domino-type polymerization mechanism, irrespective of the shrinking and expanding polymerizations. 

Figure 4. Qualitative predictions from the point-dipole expression (Equation 3) for spectral shifting of dimers. Dimer formation splits the excited state into two levels, one which allows transition to the ground state, and one which is silent for the case of parallel molecules in the dimer. The spectral shift depends on the stacking angle of the pair of molecules. The slipped structure is the precursor of the red shifted 1-aggregate, a desirable structure for photographic sensitization. (Reproduced, with permission, from Ref. 9. Copyright 1968, Society of Photographic Scientists and Engineers.)...

FIGURE 5. Relation between d (distance between the-centers of the adjacent stacking monomer molecules) and (p (stacking angle). The broken lines indicate the distance etween the reaction sites. refers to polymerizable monomer crystals and o to unpolymerizable monomer crystals. Reproduced by permission of Springer-Verlag... 

Studies of the relation of structure to the mechanical behavior of fiber reinforced composites are commonly encountered as these materials find application in both structural and nonstructural applications. The fracture behavior of composites is affected by many variables including the nature of the fiber and matrix the fiber-matrix bond, fiber orientation, stacking angle and sequence, void level, loading and the environment. As a result of the breadth of the variables Mulville and Wolock [302] stated that generalizations relating to fracture behavior are difficult to... 

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