Spring length

Here / is the spring length, / — /q the extension of the spring, caused by the weight ... 

In other words, the variations of displacement of each end have opposite signs, and, by convention, the variation of the dipole displacement is taken with the same sign as that of the first pole. This variation is obviously equal to the double of the first end variation (the spring length is the difference of two displacements) ... 

Tensioning should be implemented only when the stretching (spring) length of the anchor extends down to or near the embedded anchor head. On a typical anchor embedment, where there is no provision for a stretching length, if a tensile load is applied to the anchor, the anchor starts to shed its load to the concrete through bond. 

A major improvement of the above proposed simple contact model is the accessibility of the parameters for various colloidal systems. Here, we have two parameters the spring stiffness kt and the maximum spring length max- These parameters... 

Figure 1-2. Two masses are separated by a harmonic spring with a force constant k. The particles are confmed to the x-axts. The positions of the particles are designated as X and Xj with Xo corresponding to the equilibrium spring length.

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