Sprayers tunnel

Table 3.8 summarises the deposition of spray on soil surface underneath apple trees in orchards. When spraying apple trees in full leaf, spray deposition on the ground is on average 25% (18-35%), (Heer and Schut, 1986 Crum and de Heer, 1991 Porskamp et al., 1994a, 1994/ Ganzelmeier and Osteroth, 1994 Heijne et al., 1995). Spray deposition on the soil is not significantly different between axial and cross-flow sprayers, but tunnel sprayers (Zande et al., 1998) can decrease soil deposition by 50%. When trees are not in leaf, spray... 

Baraldi G, S Bovolenta, F Pezzi and V Rondelli, 1993. Air-assisted tunnel sprayers for orchard and vineyard. ANPP-BCPC Second International Symposium on Pesticides Application Techniques, Strasbourg, September 1993, pp. 265-272. 

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