Spontaneous potential origin

Eskhult, J., Herranen, M. and Nyholm, L. (2006) On the origin of the spontaneous potential oscillations observed during galvanostatic deposition oflayers of Cu and CU2O in alkaline citrate solutions. J. Electroanal. Chem., 594, 35-39. 

Figure 6.17 also indicates that U = 0.78 V is the highest electrode potential, for which the ORR process is not activated. Conversely, it is the highest potential for which the water dissociation process (reverse of process (28)) is activated. For U > 0.78V water spontaneously dissociates on the Pt surface and blocks surface sites, a process which is likely to be the origin of experimental observations such as changes in Tafel slopes, and a drop in ORR activity [86]. 

Other antioxidant species are synthesized by cells like uric acid, ubiquinol or thiols (cystein, homocystein, etc.). In addition, many compounds found in food display antioxidant properties retinol (vitamin A) and its precursor /(-carotene, and polyphenols (flavonoids, etc.). Figure 8.2 shows the apparent standard potential of some LMWA and ROS explaining the spontaneous oxido-reduction reactions at the origin of the antioxidant protection system. 

Wilson CJ, Kawaguchi Y (1996) The origins of two-state spontaneous membrane potential fluctuations of neostriatal spiny neurons. J Neurosci 75 2397-2410. 

Spontaneous transition to NBF can occur not only by compression of the diffuse electric layer via increasing Cei but also as a result of lowering ( -potential via changing pH of the solution [287,323], This is a good opportunity to study the origin of surface forces which determine the transition barrier to NBF. 

---