Spontaneous intracranial causes

The causes of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage are sometimes, but not always, different from those of TIA and ischemic stroke. Spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage may be classified as ... 

Dissection of the internal carotid and vertebral arteries is a common cause of stroke, particularly in young patients. Although many occur due to trauma, it is estimated that over half occur spontaneously. The mechanism of stroke following arterial dissection is either by artery-to-artery embolism, by thrombosis in situ, or by dissection-induced lumenal stenosis with secondary cerebral hypoperfusion and low-flow watershed infarction. Occasionally, dissection may lead to the formation of a pseudoaneurysm as a source of thrombus formation. Vertebrobasilar dissections that extend intracranially have a higher risk of rupture leading to subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). ° ... 

Increased intracranial pressure caused by spontaneous hemonbage, trauma, or other causes. This may result in hypertension with reflex bradycardia (Cushing reflex). 

Spontaneous arterial dissection has been well recognized at the cervical portion of the carotid artery and extracranial vertebral artery as an important cause of ischemic stroke in young adults. In contrast, intracranial or intradural dissections more... 

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