Splitter plate

To tackle the problem of arc quenching, large LT contactors, say, 100 A and above, and all HT contactors are provided with an arc chamber with splitter plates, (see Figures 19.11 and 19.12). 

Figure 19.11 Process of arc formation and quenching in an ACB using splitter plates...

Figure 19.12(a) Operating mechanism of an LT ACB showing the arc chute with splitter plates (Courtesy Siemens)... 

Figure 19.12(b) Arc chamber with splitter plates in a power contactor... 

Boris, J.P. Fritts, M.J. Oran, E.S., "Numerical Simulations of Shear Flows in the Splitter Plate and Round Jet", Naval Research Laboratory Memo Report, to appear 1983. 

Ideally the mixing layer should start with zero thickness and grow linearly with increasing x. However, the presence of boundary layers on the splitter plate leads to a displacement of the virtual origin of the mixing layer by a distance x (see fig.1). Moreover, the initial disturbances take some time to die away so that undisturbed development of the mixing layer first starts at X =100 mm. Because of the limited cross-sectional area of the channel this development only proceeds up to about 300 mm, after which point the walls strongly disturb the flow. 

The mixing-layer thickness as a function of distance from the splitter plate, Richardson number and velocity ratio was determined and semi-empirical correlations for their calculation were given. 

The flow cross-section within a given spiral channel is constant and at the designers discretion. A further important feature is that the effective disc area for heat transfer is enhanced by the inter-spiral walls which act as very efficient fins. From a mechanical point of view the spiral fins also serve to reinforce the disc surface so that it remains undistorted by the differential pressure forces between the heating channel and the process fluid - an inherent problem with the splitter plate design. 

Orthoxylene (the highest boiling xylene isomer) is separated from the other xylenes and the heavier C, aromatics by fractionation. The meta and lighter xylenes are taken overhead in a xylenes splitter containing 160 trays. Orthoxylene is then separated from the C, aromatics in a 50-plate rerun column. Product purity from such a fractionation is typically 99-1- %. 

Fig. 9 Experimental setup for pump-probe measurements 1 - beam splitters 2 - silver mirrors 3 - time delay line 4 - lenses 5 - filters Do, Di, D2 - photodetectors P - polarizers k 2 - wave plate...

Fig. 4. Arrangement for calibrating fluorescence spectrometer.17 L, xenon arc lamp Mi, excitation monochromator B, silica plate beam splitter. F, 0.5 mm. silica optical cell containing fluorescent screen solution Pi, monitoring multiplier phototube S, screen coated with MgO Mj, fluorescence monochromator Pa, fluorescence multiplier phototube.

Fig. 1. Schematic of experimental setup. %J2 - 800 nm wave-plate SP 2-mm sapphire plate PI, 2 45° quartz prisms P3 69° quartz prism, the distance from P3 to the NOPA crystal is 80 cm CM1, 2 ultrabroadband chirped mirrors GR 300 lines/mm ruled diffraction grating (Jobin Yvon) SM spherical mirror, R=-400 mm BS1, 2 chromium-coated d=0.5 mm quartz beam splitters. SHG crystal 0.4-mm 0=29° BBO (EKSMA) NOPA crystal 1-mm 0=31.5° BBO (Casix) SHG FROG crystal 0=29° BBO wedge plate d=5- -20 pm (EKSMA). Spherical mirrors around NOPA crystal are R=-200 mm Thick arrows on the left indicate the data flow from the pulse diagnostic setup (SHG FROG) and the feedback to the flexible mirror.

Figure 9.6 Experimental setup for measuring the angular distribution of the scattered light at different temperatures and externally applied electric fields. L is a He-Ne-laser, A/2 a half-wave retarder plate, P a Glan-Thomson prism, BS a beam splitter, PDl and PD2 are photodiodes and HV the high voltage amplifier. The sbn sample with 0.66 mol% Cerium is placed on a stack of Peltier-elements to control the temperature.

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