Spike arrest

Surge protection on HV side is adequate to absorb direct surges. The transferred surges from HV side to the LT side are too feeble to cause any harm. In case of static switchings, on LT side, however, spike arrester will be essential. Section 6.14.1. 

Neurons adenosines glutamate release i spike arrest Na+K ATPase 4... 

As discussed in section 10.6, the increase in Ca at fertilization appears to induce some phosphorylation event(s) via calmodulin-activated protein kinase (Lorca et al., 1993). One result of this is the activation of the cyclin degradation pathway, which releases the oocyte from metaphase arrest. A recent study in rabbit oocytes (Collas et at, 1995) was aimed at measuring MPF-associated kinase activity as a function of the number of Ca pulses applied to the oocytes. The results suggest that, whereas a single Ca pulse elicits only a transient decrease in MPF activity, a prolonged series of Ca spikes is needed to sustain the MPF inactivation associated with exit from the metaphase arrested state. 

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