Spheroids worked example

Problem 6.7(a) (Worked Example) Estimate the first normal stress difference Ni for a suspension of long, thin particles (approximated as spheroids) with p = 100 and L = 0.1/ m, if the solvent viscosity is 1 P, the shear rate y is 100 sec, and the particle concentration is 0 = 0.001, which is in the dilute regime. 

Problem 6.7(c) (Worked Example) Suppose the particle volume fraction is increased to (j) — 0.01, and the shear rate is held at y = 1 sec". What will Ni be (You may take the particles to be cylindrical, rather than spheroidal, if you wish, with L/d = 100). 

More recent works have demonstrated the application of numerical simulation to exploring non-uniformly accessible 3D nanoelectrode geometries. For example, Streeter and Compton employed the finite difference approach to examine diffusion limited currents at isolated spheroidal and hemispheroidal nanoparticle electrodes immobilized on inert substrates. Building on this. Ward et al. used numerical methods to simulate isolated spherical nanoparticle voltammetry in the limit of irreversible electron transfer kinetics and derived a simple expression describing the voltammetric wave-shape ... 

To some degree, the rate at which spheroidite forms depends on prior microstructure. For example, it is slowest for pearlite, and the finer the pearlite, the more rapid the rate. Also, prior cold work increases the spheroidizing reaction rate. 

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