Spasmodic dysphonia

Indications Blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm, spasmodic torticollis, sialorrhea, hyperhidrosis, strabismus, oromandibular dystonia, cervical dystonia, spasmodic dysphonia. Cosmetic application for wrinkles... 

Dystonia Blepharospasm Cervical dystonia Spasmodic dysphonia Otomandibular dystonia Focal hand dystonia Limb dystonia... 

Medications. Spasmodic dysphonia negatively affects movement of the vocal folds. Routine botu-linum toxin (Botox) injections are a common treatment for this disorder. These injections temporarily and partially relieve the problems by weakening the laryngeal muscles so that they have partial movement. The injections make it easier for the person to use verbal expression, although the voice may not sound normal. On the negative side, the person has to receive an injection every few months. 

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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ ]

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