Some properties of nuclear transitions

As well as changes in angular momentum, there is also the possibility of a change in parity, tt. This concept is a property of wave functions and is said to be either + or — (even or odd), depending on the behaviour of the wave function as it is mathematically reflected in the origin. So, there are three properties of a nuclear transition  

Some half-lives of isomeric states can be very long, for example, lOmgj decays by alpha emission with a half-life of 3.0 X 10 year. Alpha decay is, however, a rare mode of decay from a metastable state gamma-ray emission is much more likely. A gamma transition from an isomeric state is called an isomeric transition (IT). On the Karlsruhe Nuclide Chart, these are shown as white sections within a square that is coloured (if the ground state is radioactive) or black (if the ground state is stable). 

A nuclear energy level is not at an infinitely precise energy, but has a certain finite width. This is inversely related to the lifetime of the energy level through the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, which may be expressed as  

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