Solvothermal techniques

Solvothermal techniques have been extensively developed for the synthesis of metal oxides [149-152]. Unlike many other synthetic techniques, solvothermal synthesis concerns a much milder and softer chemistry conducted at low temperatures. The mild and soft conditions make it possible to leave polychalcogen building-blocks intact while they reorganize themselves to form various new structures, many of which might be promising for applications in catalysis, electronic, magnetic, optical and thermoelectronic devices [153-155]. They also allow the formation and isolation of phases that may not be accessible at higher temperatures because of their metastable nature [156, 157]. 

The second example relates to a functional nanopo-rous material based on the siipramolecular assembly of the CoTCPP tectons, which was fabricated by Suslick et al. with the aid of solvothermal techniques.Its structure is based on peripheral coordination of the porphyrin building blocks to each other, into a three-dimensional coordination polymer, with the aid of external cobalt ion auxiliaries (Fig. 7). The bending of... 

Ye S, Zhang D, Liu H, Zhou J (2011) ZnO nanocrystallites/cellulose hybrid nanofibers fabricated by electrospinning and solvothermal techniques and their photocatalytic activity. J Appl Pol5on Sci 121 1757-1764... 

The majority of CMPs are synthesised using conventional heating of the monomers within a solvent. However, a number of other routes to CMPs have been reported, for example, using solvothermal techniques, microwave heating and electropolymerisation. 

Because of the highly controlled diffusivity in a strong solvent medium and in a closed system, hydrothermal/solvothermal techniques offer interesting advantages in the processing or preparation of nanomaterials. 

Versatile morphological structures of nano-MH, such as needle, lamellar, wire, rod and flower-like, have been synthesized by the wet precipitation process," the hydrothermal route," solvothermal techniques,the templating route and the electrodeposition method. Especially the precipitation and hydro-thermal techniques are often used due to their ease of operation and economical costs. 

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