Solvent voltage range

TABLE 7.1 Voltage Range on Mercury and Platinum in Selected Solvents and Supporting Electrolytes ... 

DMF has been widely used as an electrochemical solvent, especially for the reduction of aromatic hydrocarbons.88 The polarography of a number of metal ions in DMF also has been reviewed.89 In general, die voltage range attained in reductions is comparable to acetonitrile and dimethyl sulfoxide, but DMF is less suitable for the study of oxidations. It has been suggested that the cyclic amide, iV-methylpyrrolidone, may have most of the favorable properties of DMF, but with less tendency to hydrolyze.90,91 However, it is less available and more expensive. 

The electrodes studied above function over a wide voltage range (0.1 V 4.6 V) which requires the design of electrolytes that are perfectly resistant to oxidation and reduction. Liquid electrolytes and liquid ionic polymers have been considered, primarily to determine the best formulation by trial and error. The study of electrode/electroljde interfaces and the impact of their formiilation on the electrochemical performance of the negative or positive electrode material or even of the system is currently preferred at RS2E rather than the design of new salts or solvents. 

A Li-ion battery generally has a voltage range of 3.5-4 V. Aqueous electrolytes cannot be applied to electrolyte solvents, because water decomposes at a voltage... 

Figure 36. Polarographically usable voltage ranges with Hg, C. and Pt electrodes in various solvents and supporting electrolytes [16]...

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