Solvent-free Synthesis of Ionic Liquids

The approach precludes the usage of volatile organic solvents, is relatively much faster, efficient, and eco-friendly. Significant rate enhancements are reported in the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions including the use of covalently grafted dipolaro-philes on the ionic liquids [189]. 

Microwave heating, being specific and instantaneous, is unique and has found a place in the expeditious chemical synthesis domain. Specifically, the solvent-free re- 

There are distinct advantages of these solvent-free procedures in instances where catalytic amounts of reagents or supported agents are used since they provide reduction or elimination of solvents, thus preventing pollution at source . Although not delineated completely, the reaction rate enhancements achieved in these methods may be ascribable to nonthermal effects. The rationalization of microwave effects and mechanistic considerations are discussed in detail elsewhere in this book [25, 193]. A dramatic increase in the number of publications [23c], patents [194—203], a growing interest from pharmaceutical industry, with special emphasis on combinatorial chemistry, and development of newer microwave systems bodes well for micro-wave-enhanced chemical syntheses. 

Buffler, Microwave Cooking and Processing. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1993, pp. 1-68. 

Varma in ACS Symposium Series No. 767/Green Chemical Syntheses and Processes. P. T. Anastas, L. Heine, 

---

Organic Synthesis Using Microwaves and Supported Reagents 6.2.7.6 Solvent-free Synthesis of Ionic Liquids... 

---