Solution, Fowler Compound

Fowler s Solution Solution of Arsenite of Potassa. Boil grains ar-senious acid (in small pieces), and 64 grains bicarbonate of potassa, in 12 flnid ounces water, until tho acid is entirely dissolved. When cold, add i fluid ounce compound spirit of lavender, and sufBcient distilled water to make tho whole mixture measure a pint. (Cr.. V. Ph.)... 

The period of systematic development of arsenic drugs commenced at the end of the nineteenth century, and brought about some remarkable improvements in medicine. Arsenic compounds, administered as Fowler s solution (potassium arsenite), Donovan s solution (arsenic iodide) or de Valagin s solution (arsenic trichloride), were employed to treat rheumatism, arthritis, asthma, malaria, trypanosome infections, tuberculosis, and diabetes. N-Acetylar-sanilic acid (C8H10ASNO4), and primarily Sal-varsan (arsphenamine, C12H14AS2CI2N2O2) were discovered by Ehrlich in 1909, and remained in use to treat syphilis until the advent of antibiotics in the 1940s (Baumler... 

From a kinetic viewpoint, salinity action on the water solution structure is similar to the action of temperature and pressure. This was a reason to compare the effect of temperature and pressure, on the one hand, and salinity, on the other, on the mobility of solution components, and therefore, on its structure. In this connection John Desmond Bernal (1901-1971) and Ralph Howard Fowler (1889-1944) introduced the concept of structural temperature of the solution. Under their definition, structural temperature of a given solution is equal to the temperatme of pine water with the solution s structural properties (viscosity, density, refraction, etc.). Ions with positive hydration work as lowering of temperature and have structural temperature below the solution temperature ions with negative hydration - as increase of temperature, and their structural temperature is higher than the solution s temperature. Non-polar compounds occupy plentiful space, thereby lowering the intensity of translation motion of the water molecules, lowering the structural temperature of the solution, as in a case of positive hydration. 

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