Solubilization ratio

Multidrug resistant-related protein family Polar molecular surface area Solubilization ratio Scale-up and post-approval changes... 

The value for , can be obtained from the MSR (9), the molar solubilization ratio, which is the number of moles of HOC solubilized per mole of surfactant in micellar form. 

There are several theories to guide new surfactant design and explain surfactant phase behavior. These theories are solubilization ratio (SR), R-ratio, and... 

A schematic of change in the type of microemulsion with the salinity is shown in Figure 7.8, and a volume fraction diagram of the data presented in Table 7.2 is shown in Figure 7.9. The volume fraction information can also be represented by a solubility plot, as shown in Figure 7.10 (see page 254). We will see later that the solubilization ratio is a very important parameter in interfacial tension calculation. 

Run a batch simulation for many injection pore volumes. Check whether the solubilization ratios match the experimental data. The solubilization ratios can be calculated from the concentrations in the microemulsion phase (.COMP ME). If matched, the input parameters are correct, and these input parameters can be used in other simulation studies. Otherwise, repeat steps 2 and 3 with new values of those seven parameters. Sometimes, Csei, and... 

We start by matching the solubilization ratios at the optimum salinity. From Figure 7.10, the optimum salinity is 0.36S meq/mL. From the test data in Table 7.2, Csei and Cseu (the salinities for the microemulsion phase to appear and disappear) are around 0.31 meq/mL and 0.42 meq/mL, respectively. Note that in UTCHEM, the optimum salinity Cseop is equal to (Csei + Cseu)/2. Although it may not be generally true, we have to adjust these salinities to satisfy this condition. At the optimum salinity, C230P = Cjm = >2(1 -C33) s X. Then the C33 concentration at the optimum salinity, which is can be approximately estimated from... 

If we input Cjjmaxi = 0.03, Cjs axo = C33max2 = 0.06, and injected salinity C(M,KC,L) = Cii X Cse = 0.99 x 0.36S = 0.3614 meq/mL solution (not water), the effective salinity in. SALT is then exactly equal to 0.355 meq/mL water. Here, C, = 1 - C31 = 1 - 0.01 = 0.99 because the surfactant concentration is 1%. In C(M,KC,L), M denotes the well number, which is 1 for the injector in this simulation model KC denotes the component number, which is 5 for anion and L denotes the phase number, which is 1 for the injected aqueous phase. The solubilization ratios C23/C33 and C13/C33 from the simulation are the same—1 5.2. This solubilization ratio is lower than the experimental data—15.8. To improve this ratio, we reduce C33maxi to 0.03 X 15.2/1 5.8 = 0.0289 and keep the other parameters unchanged. Then we have the solubilization ratios equal to 1 5.8. Thus, we have matched the point at the optimum salinity. 

Now we try to match a point in the Winsor type I region. We pick the salinity 0.141 meq/mL at which the test solubilization ratio, C23/C33, is 2.8. By simply changing the salinity to 0.141 meq/mL, we get a solubilization ratio of 0.88, which is too small. Remember that Cjjmaxo must be higher than C33m i. Therefore, we may use the following criteria to progressively search for a suitable value of r... 

Here, the superscript n and n + 1 represent the previous and current trials, respectively. Based on this approach, we find C33m o = C33max2 = 0.03, at which the solubilization ratio is 2.7. This value is close to the test value of 2.8, so we can leave it for the moment and move to a point in the Winsor type II region. 

We therefore ignore that point and choose another salinity, 0.489 meq/mL, at which the experimental solubilization ratio, C,3/C33, is 5.5. We go back to use C33max2 = Cjamaxo = 0.03, Cjei = 0.31 meq/mL, and Cseu = 0.42 meq/mL. The simulated solubilization ratio becomes 2.75. Then we change Csei and Cseu to 0.21 meq/ mL and 0.52 meq/mL, respectively. Consequently, the simulation solubilization ratio becomes 5.3, which is close to the experimental value of 5.5. It seems as though Csei and Cseu are very sensitive parameters in this example. 

Table 7.5 summarizes the fitting parameters we have obtained. These parameters are used to calculate solubilization ratios using UTCHEM. The calculated ratios (in curves) are compared with the experimental ratios (in points) in Figure 7.10. 

FIGURE 12.19 Ratios of water and oil solubilization ratios based on the two definitions. 

The solubihty potential of a surfactant can be represented using the weight solubilization ratio (WSR). 

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