Solids Concentration versus Height

FIG. 17-6 Solids concentration versus height above distributor for regimes of fluidization. 

Figure 10. Plot of interface height and solids concentration versus time.

Elach of the fluidization regimes has characteristic solids concentration profiles. A plot of the profile showing the solids concentration versus the height above the distributor for the bubbling bed regime of fluidization takes a pronounced s-shape. 

You must determine the maximum feed rate that a thickener can handle to concentrate a waste suspension from 5% solids by volume to 40% solids by volume. The thickener has a diameter of 40 ft. A batch flux test in the laboratory for the settled height versus time was analyzed to give the data below for the solids flux versus solids volume fraction. Determine ... 

Figure 14.4 Comparison between plots of the HETP (cm) and of the SLT (cm) versus the mobile phase flow velocity. Same experimental conditions for both figures 5 cm long Vydac column. Mobile phase 50 50 methanol-water, monitored at 270 nm for both series of measurements. Sample 2-phenylethanol (fcg = 0.88). Height of the concentration step in frontal analysis 20 mg/mL. Sample size for linear elution peaks 40 fig (0.2 fiL of a 20 mg/mL solution). Top Figure Plot of the SLT versus the mobile phase flow velocity. Experimental data (symbols) and prediction of Eq. 14.33c (solid line). Bottom Figure Plot of the HETP versus the mobile phase velocity under linear conditions. Experimental data (symbols) and best fit to the Van Deemter equation (solid line). Reproduced with permission from /. Zhu and G. Guiochon, J. Chromatogr., 636 (1993) 189 (Fig. 2).

Fig. 55. Optical transmittance versus local height change of Pd (3 nm) capped epitaxial YHjc (500 nm) film at a hydrogen concentration of x 2.5 during slow unloading. The small open and solid squares represent local points on the film surface (excluding the ridges), all taken in the same hydrogenation state of the YHx film. The correlation between the structural and optical switching is shown in the inset. The maximum optical transmittance of the mirror at 1 bar of the H2 pressure is indicated by the large shaded square (Kerssemakers et ak, 2002b).

Experimentally, electrostatic double-layer forces versus distance were first quantitatively measured in foam films [444—446]. Aqueous foam films with adsorbed charged surfactant at air-liquid interfaces are stabilized by double-layer forces, at least for some time. Voropaeva ef al. measured the height of the repulsive barrier between two platinum wires at different applied potentials and in different electrolyte solutions [447]. U sui et al. [448] observed that the coalescence of two mercury drops in aqueous electrolyte depends on the applied potential and the salt concentration. Accurate measurements between solid-liquid interfaces were first carried out between rubber and glass with a special setup [449]. In the late 1970s, DLVO force could be studied systematically with the surface forces apparatus [424,450,451]. With the introduction of the atomic force microscope, DLVO forces between dissimilar surfaces could be measured [198, 199, 452, 453]. 

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