Solenoid, magnetic field

Fig. 7 shows a realistic layout of a Penning trap in a split solenoid magnet, where a sextupole magnet is placed under 90 degrees to the solenoid magnetic field axis. The splitting of the solenoid as well as a split electrode or one made out of a mesh are necessary to let the H atoms pass without destroying them. 

The simplest examples of such systems in quantum physics are the interaction of the charged quantum particle with the Lagrangian L = mr2/2 + ejcAr and the solenoidal magnetic field A — e x r/r 2 (the Aharonov-Bohm effect) or the interaction of two anions in 2 + 1-field theory [14]. In both cases, the configurational space is the plane with one point removed. 

A magnetic potential may not be real. An example is the spin—orbit potential. This is due to the coupling of the magnetic moment of the electron to the solenoid magnetic field caused by the orbital motion of its... 

The transverse part of the induced adiabatic vector potential, (2.16), which appears in the kinetic energy of the adiabatic nuclear Hamiltonian, (2.18), governs electronic geometric phase development [25,28]. The two dimensional curl of Aj yields a solenoidal magnetic field of the form 7rftS(, )S( 2) general case of zt O, it yields a monopolar field). 

Another system incorporates the interaction of a solenoid magnetic field to give the arc a helical shape. This stabilizes and increases the length of the arc.P l... 

Fig. 21 Experimental in-beam spectroscopy setup at the Accelerator Laboratory of the University of Jyvaskyla in Finland. The SAGE spectrometer [43] consisting of a Si detector and a solenoidal magnetic field together with the Jurogam II germanium detector array is on the left in front of the recoil separator RITU [44]. The focal plane of RTTU is instramented with the GREAT spectrometer [45]...

Figure 5.12 Calculation of a solenoid magnetic field strength.

Figure Bl.12.4. Construction of a high-field superconducting solenoid magnet.

The question is if in reality such magnebc fields exist. It turns out that such fields can be fonned by long and narrow solenoids [11 lb]. It is well known that in this case the magnetic fields are nonzero only inside the solenoid but zero... 

The intensity of the magnetic field H is measured in amperes per meter. For a single-laver solenoid, at anv point along its axis the magnetic field intensity is... 

The maximum magnetic field produced by a C-type device is 2 T. For solenoids, conventional designs produce magnetic-field intensi-... 

All experiments were performed in a 1.9-T horizontal bore magnet (Oxford Instruments, Oxford, UK) with a dear bore diameter of 31 cm. Magnetic field gradients were produced by a 12-cm id water-cooled gradient set (Resonance Research, Billerica, MA, USA), capable of a maximum output of 300 mT m-1, and were driven by Techron 7700 amplifiers (Techron Inc., Elkhart, IN, USA). Rf excitation was accomplished using either a quadrature driven birdcage coil (Morris Instruments, Ottawa, ON, Canada), or an 8-tum laboratory-built solenoid coil, driven by an ENI LPI-10 1000 W amplifier or a Matec Model 525 class-C amplifier. 

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