Sodium thiosulfate side effects

In practical systems, no solvent is as universally effective as sodium thiosulfate, Na2S203. Itis inexpensive, stable and produces few undesirable side effects such as stains, odors or toxicity. It rapidly forms stable, soluble complex ions with silver halide (for example [Ag(S203)2]3 ), which are rapidly diffusible. Several other silver complexing agents are proposed as being useful in diffusion transfer processes, however, and some of these are used either singly or in combination with other, more common solvents. Some are used with certain developers. 

The activity of sulfur towards platinum complexes has led to investigation of so-called rescue agents to ameliorate the side effects of platinum therapy, without compromising its anti-tumor activity. These nucleophilic sulfur compounds include sodium thiosulfate (STS), sodium diethyldithio-carbamate (Naddtc), (S)- 2-[(3-aminopropyl)amino]ethyl phosphorothioic acid (WR-2721, Ethyol , amifostine), glutathione (GSH), methionine, thiourea, cysteine, -acetylcysteine, penicillamine, biotin, sulfathiazole, sodium 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate (mesna), and its dimer (di)mesna (BNP-7787). The protective effect of these compounds is either due to prevention, or reversal of Pt-S adducts in proteins. Some of the more promising of the above-mentioned compounds (see Fig. 1) will be discussed below. 

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