Smoking related cues

Fig. 2 Neural activation in responses to smoking (vs, neutral) cues, showing the effects of expectancy to smoke and by abstinence states. Overall, the network of brain regions recruited by smoking-related cues was affected only slightly by abstinence, but was affected dramatically by expectancy, with greater activation observed when participants believed they would be allowed to smoke after the scan (top) (McBride et al. 2006)...

Smoking-related images elicited greater activation in ventral striatum and nucleus accumbens in smokers than nonsmokers. Among smokers, smoking-related cues produced bilateral activation in the ACC, OFC, SFG, and occipital cortex. 

Smoking-related cues elicited bilateral activation in the amygdala, ventral striatum, thalamus, hippocampus, insula, and OFC, Perfusion in DLPFC and PCC was positively correlated with craving. 

McQemon et al. (2007a) 20 NA 5 20 Responses to smoking-related cues in the amygdala were attenuated... 

David SP, Munafo MR, Johansen-Berg H, Smith SM, Rogers RD, Matthews PM, et al (2005) Ventral striatum/nucleus accumbens activation to smoking-related pictorial cues in smokers and nonsmokers a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Biol Psychiatry 58(6) 488 94... 

Hutchison KE, LaChance H, Niaura R, Bryan A, Smolen A (2002) The DRD4 VNTR polymorphism influences reactivity to smoking cues. J Abnorm Psychol 111(1) 134-143 Ikram MA, Vernooij MW, Vrooman HA, Hofman A, Breteler MM (2007) Brain tissue volumes and small vessel disease in relation to the risk of mortality. Neurobiol Aging (in press), doi 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2007.07.009... 

McClernon FJ, Huettel SA, Rose JE (2005) Abstinence-induced changes in self-report craving correlate with event-related fMRl responses to smoking cues. Neuropsychopharmacology 301 940-1947... 

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