Slow starter

Small amounts of hydrogen peroxide in raw milk can activate the lactoperoxidase-catalyzed oxidation of thiocyanate to produce a bacterial inhibitor (Hogg and Jago 1970). Inhibitory compounds resulting from oxygen metabolism can produce initially slow starter culture growth in industrial dairy fermentations if the milk has been excessively agitated. 

Figure 3.4 presents a fast learner who achieves the final performance level earlier than on average (dotted, highest curve), a so-called slow starter who needs more time and who shows an intermediate learning plateau (continuous, middle curve), and a learner who never achieves the required level and probably fails (striped, lowest curve). Ideally, the assessment system should optimally reflect the kind of learning curves depicted here, but our assessment system cannot produce these learning curves in the same way. 

Ml Fire Starter, listed in Ref 57, p 73, is described in Ref 31b. Its match compn is formulated accdg to MIL-STD-585 (Formula 20 of Ref 57, p 361 K chlorate 50, Sb sulfide 30 dextrin 20%) and the striker accdg to MIL-STD-537 (Formula 27 of Ref 57, p 356 Red p 50, dextrin 20 sand with sharp edges 30%. A hot and relatively slow flame, affording transfer of the fire to the substratum into which the match button is embedded, can be obtd with formulation contg small amts of nonhydrophilic binders such as Formula 22 of Ref 57, p 355 ... 

Park and Marth (1972B) prepared a series of cultured milks which contained Salmonella typhimurium. Survival of salmonellae in the products stored at 11 °C ranged from less than three days to more than nine days, depending on species of starter culture, strain of a given species, level of inoculum used to prepare the cultured product, temperature at which the product was cultured, and amount and speed of acid production. In other studies, Park et al (1970) noted that S. typhimurium survived for up to seven to ten months in Cheddar cheese made with a slow acid-producing starter culture and stored at 13° or 7°C, respectively. In contrast, Goepfert et al. (1968) and Hargrove et al. (1969) found that S. typhimurium survived for three to seven months... 

Reactions 4.23 and 4.24 imply that partially acidic phosphate salts are only intermediate phases. Consequently, it is possible to select these intermediate components as the starter powders to react them with oxides and form more neutral salts to form ceramics. As we shall see later, selection of the intermediate products as the acid components helps in slowing down the acid-base reaction and creating conditions in which homogeneous ceramics are formed. 

Weights and costs vary with power and speed about as do those of direct-current motors. Large machines run at slow speeds. Voltage has little influence on cost. Starters cost two to three times as much as those of direct-current motors. 

The glass matrix of a protectant can improve storage stability of dried cells by raising tbe Tg of starter cultures. The high viscosity of glasses below or around their Tg is generaUy believed to retard molecular mobility and hence slow down the deteriorative reactions. 

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